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Planet Science News
PLANET SCIENCE
NEWSLETTER
- ISSUE 90
Friday 25th June 2004


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Happy Friday! Welcome to another multi-decker sandwich of science-related news, activities, jokes and top tips for free resources...

Here's what we've got:

01. It's a sizzler: JULY HOLIDAY SPECIAL QUIZ
02. Activity of the Week: VERY BERRY LIPGLOSS
03. A STING IN THE TAIL - scorpions in the UK
04. EINSTEIN YEAR GRANT SCHEME, let's get physics-ical
05. MOUSES AT THE READY for Titanic in Manchester
06. TICKET TO SPACE: online resources for primary schools
07. THIS WEEK IN SCIENCE HISTORY: Apocalypse when?
08. RWW: Antibiotics for kids
09. AWKWARD QUESTION - and answer
10. WINNERS WINNERS WINNERS
11. JOKE OF THE WEEK


Ready? Here we go...
01. NEW QUIZ: JULY HOLIDAY SPECIAL

Eek - where did June go to? Wherever it went, July will be along to take its place on Thursday, and therefore we have a new Planet Science challenge to tell you about...

It's called the July Holiday Quiz, and it's all about the science of sun, sea, sand, sugar, sharks and other things you might encounter on vacation - not necessarily all beginning with an S, mind.

If you get all ten questions correct, you could win a groovy day-sack and a map case to help you find your way to a nice day out.

Click to it here

Editor's note: The question level has been reduced this month for a trial period only - so roll up, roll up and have a go. You're DEFINITELY in with a shout this time!


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02. ACTIVITY OF THE WEEK: VERY BERRY LIPGLOSS

It's raspberry time of year, and so a good opportunity to discover the joys of making your own lip gloss.

And the message for any boys going moan moan I-don't-want-to-make-stupid-sissy-lipgloss-can't-we-do-explosions-instead is: you can make this as a present for your sister, your mum, or any other gorgeous women in your life. Even your GIRLFRIEND!


You will need:

* 1 tbsp sweet almond oil
* 10 fresh raspberries
* 1 tbsp honey
* 1 drop Vitamin E oil (optional)
* A sieve or tea strainer
* A small portable plastic container or tin
* Decorative stickers, gift box and tissue paper (if you're making it for someone else)
* A microwave oven


What to do:

1. Mix all the ingredients together in a microwave-safe bowl. Microwave for two minutes or until the mixture just begins to boil. (If you don't have a microwave, place the bowl on top of a pan of water on a stovetop and then boil the water. This will take longer and you have to be careful not to let the water boil over into the mixture. If you are doing it this way you should get an adult to supervise.)

2. Stir well and gently crush the berries.

3. Let the mixture cool for five minutes.

4. Strain through a fine sieve or tea strainer to remove all the fruit pieces.

5. Stir again and set aside to cool completely.

6. When cool, transfer into your container.

7. Ok then... pucker up and apply a small amount onto your lips. Smile - or pout. Either looks good - but eating an apple might not!
(f you're making this as a gift, decorate your container with stickers and put in a gift box lined with tissue paper.)


NB remember this lipgloss doesn't provide any sun protection, so if you're heading to the great outdoors, put on some plain old lip balm with SPF in it, and put the Very Berry lipgloss on top.


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03. SCORPIONS IN THE UK

Did you know there were scorpions in the UK?

Tony Stevens, from the Science Department in Trinity School in Newbury, has been in touch to tell us about an article from last week's paper that has been whipping up great interest - and no doubt some alarm - amongst his pupils...

The article in question was in last Friday's Daily Mail, entitled 'March of the Scorpion'. A suitably huge picture of the arachnid, known as the 'European Yellow-Tailed Scorpion' was featured - along with allegations that they've been seen in Kent, Essex, Middlesex and North London, and that yes they ARE poisonous, and could be potentially life-threatening to infants and older people.

If you'd like to check out the original article, get along to your local library and look on page 23 of last Friday's mail. Yeowcheree - that really is a particularly hair-raising picture.

Newspapers do enjoy a good scare-story, but the facts about this particular creature are backed up on the following websites:

http://www.introduced-species.co.uk/Species/

http://www.ub.ntnu.no/scorpion-files/european_scorp.php


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04. EINSTEIN YEAR GRANT SCHEME

On a brighter note, did you know that next year is 'Einstein Year'?

Einstein Year is the UK & Ireland's contribution to the world-wide celebrations marking International Year of Physics, and it's a great opportunity to renew all efforts to enthuse young people about physics and to highlight the contribution of contemporary physics to society.

The Institute of Physics is very keen for the event to make its presence felt throughout the whole country, and to be represented as far and wide as possible. To this end, the Einstein Year personnel are actively encouraging indivuduals and organisations to run their own physics-based outreach activities in local communities during 2005. What's more, they're prepared to put their money where their mouths are, in the form of grants up to the value of £1,500.

To check out what sort of projects have Einstein-appeal, and to get yourself an application form for Round 1 of the grant scheme, take a look at:

http://www.einsteinyear.org/get_involved/funding

The closing date for Round 1 is 24 September 2004 and priority will be given to activities taking place in the first half of 2005. (The closing date for Round 2 will be 25 February 2005).

For more general information on Einstein Year please contact Caitlin Watson, the Einstein Year Project Manager. Her email is: catlin.watson@iop.org


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05. MOUSES AT THE READY for 'TITANIC - THE ARTEFECT EXHIBITION'

The deep ocean is said to hold more mysteries to science than the furthest reaches of space, because the physical barriers to exploring it are just so extreme. It also covers a vast geographical area. No wonder the American oceanographer Bob Ballard hit the headlines in 1985 when he and his team discovered the long-lost wreckage of the Titanic.

"The Titanic lies in 13,000 feet of water," he wrote, "on a gently sloping alpine like countryside overlooking a small canyon below. Its bowfaces north and the ship sits upright on the bottom. There is no light at this great depth and little life can be found."

The spookily silent, spot-lit film of his team's early underwater explorations of the ship suddenly brought the horror of the tragedy into the public consciousness, decades after the original disaster. Not long afterwards, James Cameron created his multi-Oscar-grabbing blockbuster about the disaster. One way or the other, most people now have an idea as to what life onboard the ship might have been like. But here's an opportunity to get even closer.

'Titanic - the Artefact Exhibition' is a collection of over 200 items that have been retrieved from the debris field of the wreck site and are now on display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, ccourtesy of RMS Titanic Inc.

The exhibition is organised so as to tell the story of the liner, from its construction to its final moments. A huge section of the ship's hull dominates the exhibition, and the ship's bell, which was rung out by the duty lookout, Frederick Fleet, as the first indication that the Titanic was in trouble, is the first thing the visitors see as they enter the exhibition.

Both first and third class rooms onboard the ship have been recreated for the exhibition, and in a specially creaeted 'Iceberg Gallery' there's a real wall of ice designed to give some, at least, indication of the cold experienced by passengers on the night it all happened.

The exhibition is open from today until January, and we've been given four free family passes to give away to Planet Science Newsletter readers...

If you'd like to get into the draw, send an email entitled TITANIC EXHIBITION to planet-science.news@nesta.org.uk, with a note of your name and address. Please note that multiple entries are not allowed (three red cards were issued for this offence last week - so be warned!). The closing moment for entries is 5pm on Thursday.


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06. TICKET TO SPACE

If you're a primary teacher, and you're looking for yet another groovy way of enthusing your pupils about science, here's an invitation that will enable you to take them into space...

Ok, not literally, but what they can do is enrol in space school, take a virtual tour of the solar-system, discover the possibilities of space travel, and pick the brains of an astro-expert.

'Ticket to Space' is a six-week classroom resource which has been funded by NGfL Scotland, and developed in collaboration with the astronomers at the Glasgow Science Centre. There's both an offline and online resource, and this year there's also a space school competition to be entered. There'll also be a teachers' forum to encourage the exchange of inspirational ideas.

The package supports the teaching of the Scottish curriculum science strand 'Earth and space' at levels C-D in Environmental Studies - Society, Science and Technology; 5-15 National Guidelines. The resource, however, is open to classes throughout the UK and wherever you are, you're cordially invited to take advantage of what's on offer.

The six-week event will run from 25 October - 3 December 2004.

The organisers say, "Online registration will open on 23 August 2004, but if you log in as a 'Guest' prior to this date you will get a flavour of the Ticket to Space, including details of FREE pre-event workshops taking place in four Scottish local authorities, event activities, case studies and testimonials from schools who participated last year.

"Once registered your school will have access to teacher's notes, lesson overviews, learning outcomes and activities."


Register at http://online.pioneer.LTScotland.org.uk

For further information e-mail tickettospace@LTScotland.org.uk



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07. THIS WEEK IN SCIENCE HISTORY: APOCALYPSE WHEN?

Wednesday 30th June is the anniversary of the so-called 'Tunguska Event' - a mysterious and apocalyptic aerial explosion that occurred in a remote area near the Tunguska River in Siberia almost a century ago.

Our intrepid investigator Ken Grimes has been uncovering the evidence...

At approximately 7.15am on June 30, 1908, seismic stations across Europe and Asia registered a substantial ground tremor, the result of a huge blast impact which felled 60 million trees in an area of over 2,000 square kilometres. The blast was later estimated to measure between 10 and 15 megatons, the equivalent of over a thousand Hiroshima bombs. If this explosion had occurred in a populated area, rather than in the Siberian wilderness, it would have caused devestation and loss of life on an unimaginable scale.

The precise cause of the explosion is still unknown, but the most common theory is that a large meteorite struck our planet.

Meteorites have two origins: asteroids (rocky objects mainly confined to the Asteroid belt, orbiting the Sun between Mars and Juputer); and comets (icy bodies with vast elliptical orbits which sometimes extend beyond Pluto's orbit).

The precise movements of many of these bodies are hard to predict, but asteroids and comets do occasionally drift into the gravitational grip of the planets, including our own, becoming "meteorite" as they hurtle surface-wards with catastrophic force.

THE DINOSAUR CONNECTION

Some of these interplanetary objects are much larger than the estimated 50-100m diameter of the Tunguskan meteorite. The ancient impact of one such giant body is thought by some scientists to have seen off the dinosaurs.

The reason they think this is because about 65.5 million years ago, and very suddently in evolutionary terms, about half the Earth's animal species became extinct. The so-called 'Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction Event' - or 'K-T' boundary - coincides with massive sedimentary fossil concentrations of iridium, a metal rare on Earth but common in asteroids. The current best evidence suggests that our planet was struck at that time by an object approximately ten kilometres across, causing largescale environmental chaos, perhaps enough to trigger a mass extinction...

FUTURE IMPACT?

The potential consequences of a similar impact today inspire not only Hollywood disaster movies like 'Armageddon' and 'Deep Impact', but also government projects such as the UK's Near Earth Object (NEO) Information Centre.

Currently under close supervision is the catchily-named 'Asteroid 1950 DA', which the NEO calculate is the most likely to crash into Earth. The asteroid - which is large enough to cause a KT-type extinction event - will pass this way in 2880, with a currently estimated 1-in-300 chance of striking.

Let's hope that the currently infant science of Asteroid Deflection has made progress by then!


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08. RECOMMENDED WEBSITES OF THE WEEK

This week's top tip is BUG INVESTIGATORS, for upper primary school children.

Big and bold, this is a site aimed at teaching young people about the 'friendly' micro-organisms that inhabit our bodies, the not so friendly ones that sometimes try to get a look in - and the role that antibiotics can play.

Your host around the site is a giant pill called Andybiotic (gettit?) As you explore the site, Andy will help you discover via his collection of games and activities, that while antibiotics can kill off bugs we don't want - they can also kill off the good ones. They're not a magic bullet, and you need to take your prescription exactly as your doctor told you, and not stop the course early because you wake up one morning feeling fit as a flea...

The biological information is carefully woven though three games and a set of printable project resources. It's quite quick to work your way through them, and once you've done so, you'll never, ever make the mistake again of asking the doctor for an antibiotic to help shift your cold.

Here's the link: http://www.buginvestigators.co.uk/

NOW WASH YOUR HANDS!


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09. AWKWARD QUESTION OF THE WEEK

Last week's astro-brain boggle went like this:

An eclipse happens when the Sun, moon and Earth line up. The moon orbits the Earth once a (lunar) month. So in theory, there should be two eclipses each month; one solar (when the moon casts a shadow on Earth) and one lunar (when Earth's shadow falls on the moon). In practice, eclipses are much rarer than this. In particular, why are solar eclipses so rare that when they do happen that they're a major news story?

?? Think you've got it ???

Here comes the answer...

There are three main reasons. The first is that the moon doesn't orbit Earth in the same plane as the Earth orbits the Sun (it's tilted by 5 degrees). So usually at New Moon the shadow of the moon passes over or under the Earth. In fact, conditions are right only twice a year.

The next reason is that the orbit of the moon around the Earth isn't perfectly circular, so sometimes it's a little further from the Earth. The cone-shaped shadow cast by the moon is the same size, but it has pretty much petered out before falling on the slightly more distant Earth, resulting in a partial or annular (like a ring) eclipse.

A final reason why solar eclipses are so newsworthy is due to the Earth being large in comparison to the size of the moon's shadow, with less than 0.5% of the Earth's surface ever being blacked out. Also, sometimes the shadow will fall over the sea or uninhabited areas, and even if the shadow does you the favour of passing over your town, the shadow has been and gone in under 7 minutes. Unless you're prepared to travel the world eclipse-chasing, the next eclipse over your town won't happen on average for another 300-400 years!


>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Quick flashback to the previous week's question. Remember Mr Arty Pooper and his attempts to minimise the sound reaching him from the neighbours' party?

A complaint
has reached our ears about the answer - as follows:

"You have forgotten that as it is summer and the ground temp will be higher during the day than over the sea during the day you will expect onshore breezes that will waft the sound in towards the house which is inshore from the beach. If he had asked them to party in the evening with luck the sound would have been carried out to see by the offshore wind ......."

This complaint has been investigated by our Awkward Question Guru, as follows:

The complainant is correct about the directions of onshore and offshore breezes tending to follow a one-way in the day/one-way in the night pattern. It depends on the temperature difference between the air above the land and air above the sea resulting in movement of air in patterns called convection cells. But these cells by their nature are very fluid and you certainly couldn't set your watch by them.

There will be two occasions each 24 hours where temperature differences between air over land and sea approach zero as the winds shift round and the vertical mixing of air will reduce. So for the evening party, (providing it doesn't go on past the middle of the night when air temperature above the land is at its lowest), the temperature difference between sea and land will be less significant than the layered effect of air at different temperatures at different heights. In other words, sound's direction will be more likely affected by the refraction idea discussed than by being carried on a breeze. So the night is definitely not a good time (even before considering the lower ambient noise argument).

If (by default) the party happens during the time of day when temperature differences between air over land and sea are at their greatest, then an onshore breeze will exist that could certainly work against Arty. But the extent of this will be a real 'how long is a piece of string' issue, depending on the weather that day and even how late in the year it is (the seas stay relatively warm late into the holiday season). Notwithstanding this issue, there are still the other two reasons why day is better than night, so the balance is 2:1 in favour of daytime.

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

And so to this week's question...

A doughnut-shaped piece of solid iron is heated over a fire. As the iron expands, does the hole become larger or smaller or does it remain the same size?

Hmmmmm?


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10. WINNERS WINNERS WINNERS...

The draw for the winners of the June Sunshiner Quiz has now taken place, and the three lucky recipients of a solar-powered radio are:

Calum McLeod from Dundee
Shamash Alidina from Twickenham
Roisin McDermot from Sale

Special mentions also to Culford School in Bury St Edmunds, and Towneley High School in Burnley for the sheer volume of entries.

Very good effort everyone!


* * * * * *

Last week we also had eight copies of the Aventis Prize-winning book, 'Really Rotten Experiments' to give away. The Awesomely Awful Eight Winners are:

Mrs C Benson, from Woodlands Primary School in Gillingham, Kent
S. Thompson, from Park School for Girls in Ilford, Essex
Linda Galvin, from Kings Copse Primary School in Southampton
J Cornish, from Duchy Manor Middle School in Mere, Wiltshire
Linda Smith, from Kirkby College in Kirkby-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire
Sue Blake, from Lymm in Cheshire
Laurence James Boyle from Ripon in North Yorkshire
Shona Colaco from Hampton Court House in East Molesey, Surrey

Congratulations to all of you - your prizes are on their way.


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11. JOKE OF THE WEEK

Hurray! This week's joke is funny!

It was sent in by teacher Dale Robinson, who says he's road-tested it with his class, and it was very effective - particularly when doen with actions and sound effects...

Here we go:

Two monkeys are in a bathroom, filling up a bath.
One monkey climbs in and goes "Ooo ooooh ooooh ooooh ooooh oooh"
The second monkey says, "Why don't you put some cold water in?"


* * * * * *

Which is for some reason reminiscent of another classic joke:

A woman gets on a bus with her baby. The bus driver says: "That's the ugliest baby I've ever seen. Ugh!"
The woman goes to the rear of the bus and sits down, fuming. She says to the man next to her: "The bus driver just insulted me!"
The man says: "You go right up there and tell him off - go on, I'll hold your monkey for you."



(So now you know why it was reminiscent!) Sorry if you've heard it before - good jokes are always funnier second time around ... right?


* * * * * *

That's all for this week.

If you've got anything (news, website recommendations, jokes etc) you'd like to be included in a future newsletter, email it through to Anne McNaught on planet-science.news@nesta.org.uk

Have a great week!


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