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Friday 30th June 2006 Issue: 47

Fantastic Friday again!

This week’s Haywire is all about things that move. Including footballs, tennis balls and even boats. And don’t forget the nifty little toy cars in ‘Up for Grabs!’  So tennis, football … which to choose? Never mind – let’s look at both.  There’s plenty of science in them. Read on…

  1. Up for Grabs – Watch out for the balloon cars!
  2. Web Watch – Scruffy balls and how to bend it like Beckham
  3. The Buzz – Colour-changing snakes and solar-powered boats
  4. Crash Bang! – Speed bonny boat…

1.  Up for Grabs – You’ve got to be in it to win it...

This week hold on to your hats because we have THREE balloon-powered cars to give away.  All you need to do is inflate the balloon, find a nice smooth surface, point the car in the right direction (Remember – if the air blows out BACKWARDS then the car will move FORWARDS.  Thanks to Isaac Newton for that one!) and let it go.  Whe-hay!  If you’d like one then email us with your name, age and address to: Hay-Wire.Clubhouse@nesta.org.uk with ‘OVERINFLATED’ as the subject. The winners will be picked at random at 5pm, on Thursday 13th July.

Good luck!

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2. Web Watch – Don’t surf the Internet alone…

So Wimbledon starts again and all we can hear is the gentle nuk! nuk! of tennis balls flying across gardens all over the UK.  So what is so special about the ball itself? Tennis balls are made of two pieces of rubber cemented together. They are then covered with fabric, usually wool or synthetic felt. The seams between the two pieces are exposed but are covered with elastic sealant.

When players inspect a ball prior to serving they are looking at the fabric to see whether it is showing any signs of wear and tear. If it has become worn and fluffed up that will slow the ball down.  Aha! So that is why they inspect it so closely.

For more on the science of tennis

In the meantime if you want to discover the secrets of the tennis serve then click here.

Maybe football is more your thing.  And there’s plenty of it about! The World Cup allows us to see the world’s greatest football players in action. Good footballers must have something in their genes. Scientists have discovered a link between the length of a footballer's ring finger and their ability as a player. They measured the difference in length between the ring and index fingers of top players. Players whose ring fingers were longer compared to their index fingers were more likely to be elite players. Some of the players found to have long ring fingers are Bryan Robson, Glenn Hoddle, Sir Stanley Matthews and Gazza.  Maybe it’s just coincidence?  More science please!

The science of football.

Some players can make footballs turn corners. From a free kick they send the ball around the edge of a defenders' wall and into the goal. But how do they do it? Find out ‘How to bend it like Beckham’.

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3. The Buzz – Science news delivered to your inbox…

A mud snake with the amazing ability to change colour has been discovered in the rainforests of Borneo.  The creature - named E.gyii - was found by American and German scientists who uncovered its talent by accident.

They put the reddish-brown snake in a dark-coloured bucket. Minutes later, they returned to get it out and it had turned completely white. Well wouldn’t you?

A spokesman for wildlife organisation WWF said the scientists had found out "one of nature's best kept secrets".   He warned that the snake's habitat was under threat because Borneo's forest cover is being destroyed. Since the mid-1980s the forest has been reduced by 25%.  This is bad news because Borneo is so rich in wildlife. In the last 10 years, more than 350 new animal and plant species have been discovered there.

The first ever long-distance race for solar powered boats has started in the Netherlands - under grey skies! Only boats powered purely by the sun have been allowed to enter the race, which is 220km (137 miles) long. Good job it’s not held here then, they wouldn’t get very far would they?

The race route is a famous one that has been used in a huge ice-skating race in the past, through 11 different cities. Some 27 teams from Europe and the United States are taking part in the race for the Nuon Solar Challenge. The race organisers hope it could raise awareness of how good the technology used in solar panels and batteries is.

Never mind the sun -  how about boats powered by Fairy Liquid?

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4. Crash Bang! – Exciting experiments for you to try at home…

Soap-propelled boat

Thanks to Planet Science for this one.

You will need:

  • Card
  • Scissors
  • A baking dish full of water (or a washing up bowl or even the bath!)
  • Liquid detergent e.g. Fairy Liquid

What to do:

  1. Cut out a boat shape from the card. (Make it about 6cm long and 4cm wide)
  2. Cut out a triangular notch at the back of the boat. Make sure the point of the triangle is facing away from the back of the boat.
  3. Place the boat gently on the water in the dish.
  4. Pour a little detergent into the notch in the end of the boat. Your boat should zip across the water…
  5. If you want to do it again you will have to rinse out the container, as any trace of detergent will mean it won’t work.

What’s going on?

Water molecules are strongly attracted to each other and stick close together, especially on the surface. This creates a strong but flexible "skin" on the water's surface that we call surface tension. Adding soap disrupts the arrangement of the water molecules and breaks the skin, making the boat go forward. Think of the surface of the water as if it were a thin elastic layer like a balloon. Putting detergent in is like popping the balloon. You break the surface tension; the thin elastic layer breaks and pulls away to the sides. If there is something floating on these water particles, like the boat, it goes along for the ride.

Have fun!

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Information Overload

Planet Science has gone Hay-Wire and now you have too!

That’s all for this issue. The next issue of Hay-Wire will be with you in two weeks time so until then, why not ask your friends to join the Hay-Wire Club?

They can visit the Clubhouse for more details at:
http://www.planet-science.com/wired/hay-wire/clubhouse

Bye for now!