If you cannot see the html version of this email then you can view it online at: http://www.planet-science.com/wired/wiredNL/index.html
wired-up heading

Friday 2nd Sept 2005: Issue 30

Hello there! Welcome to Wired-Up, it’s a newsletter not a snoozeletter so come on! Up and at ‘em! Find out why Hurricane Katrina is having such a disastrous effect.  Move it, move it!  Make a device to measure wind speed.  It’s called an anemometer (try saying that with a mouthful of crisps!) So come on! Drop and give me five! Five what? Five copies of Flipside magazine of course. There’s not a moment to lose, we’re going in…

  1. The Wire – Hurricane Katrina. What’s it all about?
  2. Try This! – Make your own protractor anemometer
  3. Gear up for Grabs – 5 copies of Flipside magazine!
  4. Nesta Nuggets – 6 degrees of separation
1. The Wire - Science news delivered to your inbox...

We have all been shocked at the terrible scenes in America as Hurricane Katrina wreaked havoc in Louisiana.  It is one of the worst natural disasters to hit the USA. So what are hurricanes and why do they happen?

Well the word "hurricane" comes from Huracan, the god of big winds and evil spirits once worshipped by the Maya people of Central America.  They begin over tropical areas of the ocean near the equator where the water is at least 80º F (27º C).

Heat and moisture rise due to convection and form cluster thunderstorms.  These rotate and gather speed due to the Coriolis force, the effect of the Earth’s rotation. The result is an organised mass of thunderstorms that move in a particular circular direction (anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere).  Not only that, but the wind speed is enough to cause widespread devastation, as we are only too aware.

Want to know more? Click here for hurricane basics.

Here are some facts

  • A typical hurricane is 300 miles wide
  • It has an eye, or calm centre, of 20 - 40 miles across.
  • Hurricanes are often followed by a storm surge, a huge dome of water up to 100 miles wide and 20 feet high.
  • The average life of a hurricane is nine days.
  • The hurricane is most destructive during its first 12 hours onshore.
  • Tropical storms are given a name if they exceed wind speeds of 39 mph.
  • Hurricanes develop when storm winds reach a constant speed of 74 mph.

For more facts, photos and survival tips click here:
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngkids/0308/hurricane/

Why is it called Katrina?

Hurricanes names are chosen from a list selected by the World Meteorological Organization. The Atlantic is assigned six lists of names, with one list used each year. Every sixth year, the first list begins again. Each name on the list starts with a different letter, for example, the name of the very first hurricane of the season starts with the letter A, the next starts with the letter B, and so on. The letters Q, U, X, Y and Z are not used.

Often when an unusually destructive hurricane hits, that hurricane's name is retired and never used again.

Next on the list is Hurricane Lee.  And in 2007 we might see Hurricane Humberto.  Yes really.  Is your name on the list? Check it out at
http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/hurricane/names.html

<< back to top

2. Try This! - Science experiments for you to try at home...

Make a Protractor Anemometer 

Anemometer?  What’s that when it’s at home?  Well it is a device to measure wind speed and that can be very handy – especially if you are a weatherman. 

You will need:

  • strong thread or thin fishing line - about 30 cm long
  • a ping-pong ball
  • a protractor
  • glue and sellotape
  • thick cardboard (for mounting the protractor)
  • angle/wind speed conversion chart (given below)

What to do:

  1. Using some sellotape, mount the protractor to the cardboard with the curved side pointing downwards.
  2. Write or print out the wind speed conversion chart that is shown below.   Stick this onto the cardboard as well.
  3. Tape or glue the thread to the ping-pong ball.
  4. Tie or glue the other end of the thread to the centre of the protractor.
  5. Your protractor anemometer is now ready to be used. 
  6. Hold the cardboard in the direction that the wind is blowing.  The wind will blow the ping-pong ball and move the thread off centre.  When it does this read the angle on the protractor.
  7. Convert this angle to the wind velocity using the chart as shown below.

String angle

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

Speed (kph)

0

13

19

24

29

34

41

52

<< back to top

3. Gear up for Grabs – You’ve got to be in it to win it...

Wired-Up is always first to bring you fantastic prizes so this issue is no different because we’re giving Wired-Up subscribers the chance to win one of five copies of Flipside magazine.

Flipside is aimed at 11-15 year olds with an interest in science and technology, music and films, and sport and adventure. This month’s issue has Jaws as its cover star. Plus it gets up close and personal with the great white shark. Apparently you are 183 times more likely to die from falling out of bed than you are from a shark attack. Well that’s comforting then! Better make sure you’re safely tucked up at nights.  Inside, there is a feature on looking for aliens.  Are we the only intelligent life form in the universe?  Perhaps. But you certainly need something about you if you want to enter the world of video game development.  Wire-frame technology, cyber scanning and motion capture?  See the section on movie games and all will become clear.

You can’t buy Flipside in the shops but you can find out more about the magazine on the website here: http://www.flipside.org.uk/

To win one of the five copies, all you have to do is send an email with your name, age and address to: wired-up.news@nesta.org.uk with ‘I WANT A FLIPPIN GREAT MAG!’ as the subject. The winner will be picked at random on Thursday 15th September at 5pm. Good luck!

And after five comes six…

<< back to top

4. Nesta Nuggets – 6 degrees of separation

Have you ever experienced the small-world phenomenon? When you discover that your old piano teacher used to work with a woman whose vet once inoculated Sharon Osborne’s dog? Well you are experiencing the claim that anyone on the planet can connect themselves to anyone else in only 'six degrees of separation'. This was the subject of an ingenious experiment in the late 1960’s conducted by the social psychologist Stanley Milgram.

Milgram sent letters to 300 people asking them to send letters to one single target person (a Boston stockbroker).  However, there was a catch.  They could only send letters to someone they knew personally, hopefully someone who was closer to the target than they were.  The recipients of the letters were given the same instructions and so it became a quest to reach the target.  Incredibly more than 60 of the letters did actually reach the target, and the average length of the message chains was about six.

So think on, everyone can be connected to everyone else through only six short linkages. What goes around comes around faster than you think!

Find out more about this intriguing phenomenon and why Kevin Bacon appears to be the centre of the movie universe
http://www.nesta.org.uk/inspireme/think_integration.html

And it’s also the subject of Programme 3 in the series –A Further Five Numbers on Radio 4 on Tuesday 6 September 2005 at 9.30-9.45 am.  Get someone to record it for you, or use the R4 ‘Listen Again’ feature!

More details on
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/further5.shtml

<< back to top

THAT’S ALL FOR NOW

Got Wired-Up? Got clued up!

Don’t forget that Wired-Up will be hitting your inboxes every fortnight from now on, but in the meantime, send any questions, comments, jokes or experiment ideas to: wired-up.news@nesta.org.uk

Until then, why not pay the Planet Science website a visit, by clicking here:
http://www.planet-science.com

P.S. If you wish to unsubscribe from Wired-Up then reply to this email with UNSUBSCRIBE as the subject.